2025年9月12日 星期五 農歷七月廿一
瀏覽(lan)次數：11488 日期：2024-10-24 來源：本(ben)站(zhan)
中共中央辦公廳 國務院辦公廳
關于加強耕地保護提升耕地質量完善占補平衡的意見
(2024年2月(yue)5日(ri))
糧食安全是“國(guo)之大(da)者”，耕(geng)地(di)是糧食生產的(de)命根子。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)十八大(da)以(yi)來，以(yi)習近平同志為核(he)心的(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)采取一系列硬措施，堅守耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)紅線。同時，我國(guo)人多地(di)少的(de)國(guo)情沒(mei)有(you)變，耕(geng)地(di)“非農(nong)化”、“非糧化”問題仍較突出，耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)形勢依(yi)然嚴峻、任(ren)務(wu)更加(jia)(jia)艱巨。為加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)、提(ti)升耕(geng)地(di)質量、完善占補平衡，經黨(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)務(wu)院同意，現提(ti)出如下意見。
一、總體要求
加強(qiang)耕(geng)地保(bao)護、提升耕(geng)地質量(liang)、完善占補平衡，要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)以(yi)習(xi)近平新時代(dai)中國(guo)(guo)特色社會主(zhu)義思想為(wei)指導(dao)，深入貫(guan)徹黨的二(er)十(shi)大(da)精(jing)神，落實藏糧(liang)于(yu)地、藏糧(liang)于(yu)技戰略，將耕(geng)地保(bao)護作為(wei)系統工程，堅(jian)持(chi)耕(geng)地數量(liang)、質量(liang)、生(sheng)態“三位(wei)一體(ti)”保(bao)護，尊重規律、因勢(shi)利導(dao)、因地制宜、久久為(wei)功，充分調動(dong)各類主(zhu)體(ti)保(bao)護耕(geng)地積(ji)極性(xing)，提高(gao)耕(geng)地生(sheng)產能力(li)，穩步(bu)拓(tuo)展農業生(sheng)產空(kong)間(jian)，把牢(lao)糧(liang)食安(an)全(quan)主(zhu)動(dong)權，為(wei)以(yi)中國(guo)(guo)式現代(dai)化全(quan)面推進(jin)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)建設、民族復興偉(wei)業夯(hang)實糧(liang)食安(an)全(quan)根基(ji)。
工作中要做到(dao)：
——堅持量質(zhi)并重(zhong)。在保持耕(geng)地(di)數量總體穩定前提下，全力提升耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)量，堅持高標準(zhun)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)建設(she)與農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水利(li)建設(she)相結合，真正(zheng)把永久基本(ben)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)建成高標準(zhun)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)。嚴格落實耕(geng)地(di)占補(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，切實做到數量平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)、質(zhi)量平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)、產能平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，堅決防(fang)止(zhi)占多補(bu)(bu)少(shao)、占優補(bu)(bu)劣(lie)、占整(zheng)補(bu)(bu)散。
——堅持嚴(yan)格執法。實行最嚴(yan)格的耕(geng)地保(bao)(bao)護制(zhi)(zhi)度，采取“長牙(ya)齒”的硬措(cuo)施保(bao)(bao)護耕(geng)地，分級落實各級黨委和政(zheng)府耕(geng)地保(bao)(bao)護主體責任，整合監(jian)管執法力(li)量，形成工作(zuo)合力(li)，堅決遏制(zhi)(zhi)耕(geng)地“非(fei)農化(hua)”，防止永(yong)久(jiu)基(ji)本農田“非(fei)糧化(hua)”。
——堅持系統(tong)(tong)推進。把耕地保護放在(zai)建(jian)設人(ren)與(yu)自然和(he)諧共生(sheng)的(de)中國式現代化(hua)中考量，落實(shi)好主體(ti)功能區戰略(lve)，堅持山水林(lin)田湖草(cao)沙(sha)一體(ti)化(hua)保護和(he)系統(tong)(tong)治(zhi)理。
——堅持(chi)永(yong)續利(li)用(yong)。處理好近期與長(chang)遠的(de)關系(xi)，推進耕地用(yong)養結合(he)和可持(chi)續利(li)用(yong)，保持(chi)和提升耕地地力，既滿足當代(dai)人的(de)需要，更為子孫后代(dai)留下更多發(fa)展空間(jian)。
主要(yao)目(mu)標(biao)是：落實(shi)新一(yi)輪(lun)國(guo)土空間規(gui)劃明確的(de)耕(geng)地(di)(di)和(he)永(yong)久(jiu)基本農(nong)(nong)(nong)田保(bao)(bao)護任務，全(quan)國(guo)耕(geng)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)有量不低(di)于18.65億畝(mu)，永(yong)久(jiu)基本農(nong)(nong)(nong)田保(bao)(bao)護面(mian)積不低(di)于15.46億畝(mu)，逐步把永(yong)久(jiu)基本農(nong)(nong)(nong)田建(jian)(jian)成適宜耕(geng)作(zuo)、旱(han)澇保(bao)(bao)收(shou)、高產(chan)穩(wen)產(chan)的(de)現代化(hua)良田;耕(geng)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護責任全(quan)面(mian)壓實(shi)，耕(geng)地(di)(di)質量管理機制健全(quan)，耕(geng)地(di)(di)占(zhan)補平(ping)衡制度嚴密(mi)規(gui)范，各類主體(ti)保(bao)(bao)護耕(geng)地(di)(di)、種糧(liang)(liang)抓糧(liang)(liang)積極性(xing)普遍提高，各類耕(geng)地(di)(di)資源得到(dao)有效利用，支撐糧(liang)(liang)食生產(chan)和(he)重要(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品供給能力進一(yi)步增(zeng)強，為保(bao)(bao)障國(guo)家糧(liang)(liang)食安全(quan)、建(jian)(jian)設農(nong)(nong)(nong)業強國(guo)奠定堅實(shi)基礎。
二、全面壓實耕地保護責(ze)任
(一)堅決穩住(zhu)耕地(di)總量。逐級(ji)分解耕地(di)和(he)永(yong)久基(ji)本農(nong)田保(bao)護任務(wu)，納入各級(ji)國土空間規劃，落實到(dao)地(di)塊并上圖入庫。各級(ji)黨委和(he)政府要將耕地(di)和(he)永(yong)久基(ji)本農(nong)田保(bao)護作為必須完成的(de)重大政治任務(wu)，確保(bao)耕地(di)保(bao)護紅線決不突(tu)破。
(二)持續優化(hua)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)布局。南方(fang)省份有序(xu)恢復部分流失耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)，遏制“北糧南運”加劇勢頭。各地(di)(di)(di)要結(jie)合第(di)三次全國土壤(rang)普查，開展土壤(rang)農業(ye)利用(yong)適宜性評價，通過實施全域土地(di)(di)(di)綜合整(zheng)治、高標準(zhun)農田(tian)建(jian)設(she)、優質(zhi)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)恢復補充等措施，統籌(chou)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)和林地(di)(di)(di)、草地(di)(di)(di)等其他農用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)。自然(ran)資(zi)源部要會同農業(ye)農村部等部門制定永久基(ji)本農田(tian)保護(hu)紅線(xian)管(guan)理辦(ban)法(fa)，推動零星(xing)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)和永久基(ji)本農田(tian)整(zheng)合調整(zheng)，促進集中連片。
(三)嚴格開展(zhan)耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)責任考(kao)(kao)核(he)。全面落實(shi)(shi)耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)黨(dang)政(zheng)(zheng)同責，國(guo)家(jia)每年對(dui)省級黨(dang)委(wei)和政(zheng)(zheng)府落實(shi)(shi)耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)和糧(liang)(liang)食安(an)全責任制情況(kuang)進行(xing)考(kao)(kao)核(he)，對(dui)突破耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)紅線等(deng)重大問(wen)題實(shi)(shi)行(xing)“一票否決”，嚴肅(su)問(wen)責、終身(shen)追責。省級黨(dang)委(wei)和政(zheng)(zheng)府對(dui)本省域內耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)負總責，對(dui)省域內各級黨(dang)委(wei)和政(zheng)(zheng)府落實(shi)(shi)耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)和糧(liang)(liang)食安(an)全責任制情況(kuang)進行(xing)嚴格考(kao)(kao)核(he)。
三(san)、全力提升耕(geng)地質量
(四)加強(qiang)高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)。出臺全國(guo)逐(zhu)步(bu)把永久(jiu)基本農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)的實(shi)施方(fang)案，明確(que)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)內容(rong)、投入標(biao)(biao)準和優(you)先(xian)序，健全與高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)相(xiang)適應的保障機制(zhi)，加大高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)投入和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)力度。開展整區域建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)示范，優(you)先(xian)把東北黑土地(di)區、平(ping)(ping)原地(di)區、具備水(shui)利灌溉條件(jian)地(di)區的耕地(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)。強(qiang)化中央統籌、省負總責(ze)(ze)、市(shi)縣(xian)抓落實(shi)、群(qun)眾參與機制(zhi)，加強(qiang)考核評價，對因(yin)不履(lv)行(xing)或者不正確(que)履(lv)行(xing)職責(ze)(ze)而(er)未(wei)完成年度建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)任務的地(di)方(fang)依(yi)規(gui)依(yi)紀嚴(yan)(yan)肅(su)問責(ze)(ze)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)健全農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工程質量監(jian)督檢驗(yan)體(ti)系(xi)，完善工程質量監(jian)督執法(fa)手(shou)段(duan)，確(que)保高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)畝成一(yi)畝。各地(di)要(yao)健全管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)機制(zhi)，明確(que)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)主體(ti)，落實(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)責(ze)(ze)任，合理(li)保障管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)經費，完善管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)措施。高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)統一(yi)納(na)入全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)平(ping)(ping)臺，嚴(yan)(yan)禁(jin)擅自(zi)占用，確(que)保各地(di)已建(jian)(jian)(jian)高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)不減少(shao)。
(五)加強耕地(di)灌(guan)(guan)排保障體系(xi)建(jian)設。科學編制(zhi)全國農田灌(guan)(guan)溉發展規(gui)劃，統籌水(shui)土資源條件，推(tui)進灌(guan)(guan)溉面(mian)積增加。結合(he)推(tui)進國家骨干網水(shui)源工程和輸配水(shui)工程，新建(jian)一批節水(shui)型(xing)(xing)、生(sheng)態型(xing)(xing)灌(guan)(guan)區。加快(kuai)大(da)中型(xing)(xing)灌(guan)(guan)區現代化(hua)改造，配套完(wan)善灌(guan)(guan)排工程體系(xi)，提高(gao)運行管護水(shui)平。嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行占用農業灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)源、灌(guan)(guan)排工程設施(shi)補償(chang)制(zhi)度。
(六)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)工程。統籌推進(jin)侵(qin)蝕溝治理、農田基礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)、肥沃耕層構建等(deng)綜合治理，加強黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)標準化(hua)示范建設(she)。完善黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地質量(liang)監測預警網絡(luo)，加強工程實(shi)施(shi)(shi)評估和成效監測。適(shi)時(shi)調整優化(hua)黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍，實(shi)現應保(bao)(bao)盡保(bao)(bao)。依法(fa)落實(shi)地方(fang)黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)主(zhu)體責任。健全部門協同機制，統籌政策措施(shi)(shi)、資金項目等(deng)，形成保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)合力。依法(fa)嚴厲(li)打擊整治破壞黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地等(deng)違法(fa)犯罪行為。
(七(qi))加強退化(hua)(hua)耕(geng)地(di)治(zhi)理(li)。實(shi)施酸化(hua)(hua)等退化(hua)(hua)耕(geng)地(di)治(zhi)理(li)工程。對酸化(hua)(hua)、潛育化(hua)(hua)等退化(hua)(hua)耕(geng)地(di)，通過完善(shan)田間設施、改良(liang)耕(geng)作(zuo)制度(du)、培肥耕(geng)作(zuo)層、施用土壤調(diao)理(li)物料等方式進行(xing)治(zhi)理(li)。加快土壤酸化(hua)(hua)重點縣全域治(zhi)理(li)。對沙化(hua)(hua)、風蝕、水蝕耕(geng)地(di)開(kai)展綜合治(zhi)理(li)，防治(zhi)水土流失。
(八)抓好鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)綜合改(gai)造利(li)用。全面摸清鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源狀(zhuang)況，建立鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質量監測體系(xi)。實施鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)治(zhi)理(li)工程，分(fen)區分(fen)類開展(zhan)鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)治(zhi)理(li)改(gai)良，加強耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)化防治(zhi)。梯次推進鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)等耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)后備資(zi)源開發(fa)。堅(jian)持“以種適(shi)地(di)(di)(di)”同“以地(di)(di)(di)適(shi)種”相結合，培育推廣耐鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)品種和鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)治(zhi)理(li)實用技術。
(九)實施有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)提(ti)升行(xing)動。制定實施耕(geng)地(di)(di)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)提(ti)升行(xing)動方案，改良(liang)培肥土壤，提(ti)升耕(geng)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)力，確保(bao)耕(geng)地(di)(di)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)只(zhi)增不減。加(jia)快(kuai)推廣有(you)機(ji)肥替代化肥，推進(jin)畜禽糞肥就(jiu)地(di)(di)就(jiu)近還田利用等(deng)用地(di)(di)養(yang)地(di)(di)措施。建立(li)耕(geng)地(di)(di)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)提(ti)升標準化體系，加(jia)強示范引領。
(十)完善(shan)耕地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)建設保(bao)護(hu)制(zhi)度(du)。加快耕地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保(bao)護(hu)立(li)(li)法。完善(shan)耕地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)調(diao)查評(ping)價制(zhi)度(du)，建立(li)(li)統一的耕地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)評(ping)價方法、標(biao)(biao)準、指標(biao)(biao)。每年開展耕地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)變更調(diao)查評(ping)價，每5年開展耕地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)綜合評(ping)價，適時開展全(quan)國土壤普查。建立(li)(li)健全(quan)國家、省、市(shi)、縣四級耕地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監測網絡體系。完善(shan)耕地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保(bao)護(hu)與建設投入機制(zhi)，中央和地(di)(di)(di)方財政要為提升耕地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)提供(gong)資金保(bao)障(zhang)。
四、改革完善耕地占補平衡(heng)制(zhi)度
(十(shi)一)改革占(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平衡(heng)管理(li)(li)方式。將(jiang)非(fei)農(nong)建(jian)設、造林種(zhong)(zhong)樹、種(zhong)(zhong)果種(zhong)(zhong)茶(cha)等(deng)各(ge)類占(zhan)(zhan)用耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)行為(wei)(wei)統一納入耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平衡(heng)管理(li)(li)。補(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)堅持以恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)優(you)質耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)主、新開墾(ken)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)輔的原則(ze)(ze)，自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、生態(tai)保(bao)護紅線內(nei)禁止新開墾(ken)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，嚴重沙化土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、嚴重石漠化土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、重點沙源區(qu)、沙塵傳輸(shu)通(tong)道、25度(du)以上(shang)陡坡、河湖(hu)管理(li)(li)范圍及重點林區(qu)、國有(you)林場等(deng)區(qu)域原則(ze)(ze)上(shang)不(bu)作為(wei)(wei)補(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)來源。改進占(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平衡(heng)落實(shi)方式，各(ge)類實(shi)施主體將(jiang)非(fei)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)墾(ken)造、恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)為(wei)(wei)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的，符合規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的可作為(wei)(wei)補(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。堅持“以補(bu)定(ding)(ding)占(zhan)(zhan)”，在(zai)實(shi)現(xian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總量(liang)動態(tai)平衡(heng)前提(ti)下(xia)，將(jiang)省域內(nei)穩定(ding)(ding)利用耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)凈(jing)增(zeng)加(jia)量(liang)作為(wei)(wei)下(xia)年度(du)非(fei)農(nong)建(jian)設允(yun)許占(zhan)(zhan)用耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)規(gui)模上(shang)限，對違法建(jian)設相(xiang)應凍(dong)結(jie)補(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)指(zhi)標。自(zi)(zi)然(ran)資源部要會同有(you)關部門(men)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)完善耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)平衡(heng)管理(li)(li)配套政策。
(十二)完(wan)善占補(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡落(luo)實機(ji)制(zhi)。建立占補(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡責任(ren)落(luo)實機(ji)制(zhi)，國家管(guan)控(kong)各省(sheng)(自(zi)治區、直轄(xia)市(shi)(shi))耕(geng)(geng)地(di)總(zong)(zong)量，確(que)保(bao)(bao)不突破全國耕(geng)(geng)地(di)保(bao)(bao)護目(mu)(mu)標;各省(sheng)(自(zi)治區、直轄(xia)市(shi)(shi))加強對省(sheng)域(yu)內耕(geng)(geng)地(di)占用(yong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)年度(du)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)總(zong)(zong)量動態(tai)平(ping)衡;市(shi)(shi)縣抓好落(luo)實，從嚴(yan)管(guan)控(kong)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)占用(yong)，補(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)補(bu)(bu)(bu)優耕(geng)(geng)地(di)。各省(sheng)(自(zi)治區、直轄(xia)市(shi)(shi))要(yao)將(jiang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)指標統(tong)(tong)一納入(ru)省(sheng)級(ji)管(guan)理平(ping)臺，規范調(diao)劑(ji)程序(xu)，合理確(que)定調(diao)劑(ji)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償標準，嚴(yan)格(ge)管(guan)控(kong)調(diao)劑(ji)規模，指標調(diao)劑(ji)資金納入(ru)預算管(guan)理。堅決(jue)防范和糾正單純追(zhui)求補(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)指標、不顧自(zi)然(ran)條件強行補(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)的(de)(de)行為。生(sheng)態(tai)脆弱、承擔生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)護重點任(ren)務(wu)地(di)區的(de)(de)國家重大建設項目(mu)(mu)，由國家統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)跨省(sheng)域(yu)集中開(kai)墾，定向支持落(luo)實耕(geng)(geng)地(di)占補(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡。
(十三)加(jia)強對(dui)(dui)補(bu)充耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)補(bu)償激勵(li)。各(ge)類(lei)非農(nong)建設、造林種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)茶等占用耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)的，必須落實補(bu)充耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)責任，沒有條件自行補(bu)充的，非農(nong)建設要按(an)規定繳納耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)開墾(ken)費(fei)。各(ge)省(自治區、直轄市(shi))要結合實際，分類(lei)分主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)制定耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)開墾(ken)費(fei)等費(fei)用標(biao)準(zhun)并及時調(diao)整，統(tong)籌安排(pai)資(zi)金用于(yu)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)保護與質量建設。各(ge)地(di)(di)可對(dui)(dui)未占用耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)但已實施墾(ken)造或恢復耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)的主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)給予適(shi)當補(bu)償。
(十四)健全補(bu)(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)制(zhi)度。農業農村部要(yao)(yao)會同自然資源(yuan)部出臺補(bu)(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)辦法，完(wan)善驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)標(biao)準，強化(hua)剛性約束。墾造和恢復的耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)符合高標(biao)準農田建設(she)要(yao)(yao)求，達到適宜耕(geng)作、旱(han)澇保(bao)收(shou)、高產穩產標(biao)準且(qie)集中(zhong)連片、可(ke)長(chang)期(qi)穩定利用(yong)，質(zhi)量不(bu)達標(biao)的不(bu)得用(yong)于(yu)占用(yong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)的補(bu)(bu)充(chong)。完(wan)善補(bu)(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)后續(xu)管護(hu)、再(zai)評(ping)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)，把補(bu)(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)后續(xu)培(pei)(pei)肥(fei)(fei)管護(hu)資金納入占用(yong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)成本。補(bu)(bu)充(chong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)主體要(yao)(yao)落實后續(xu)培(pei)(pei)肥(fei)(fei)管護(hu)責(ze)任，持續(xu)熟化(hua)土壤、培(pei)(pei)肥(fei)(fei)地(di)(di)(di)力。
五、調動農民和(he)地方保護耕地、種糧抓(zhua)糧積極(ji)性
(十五)提高種(zhong)糧(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)(shou)益。健(jian)全種(zhong)糧(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)(shou)益保障機制，完善價格(ge)、補貼、保險政策。推動現代化集約化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)，實施多種(zhong)形(xing)式的適度規模經營，提高生產效率，增(zeng)加(jia)糧(liang)食(shi)種(zhong)植比較(jiao)收(shou)(shou)益，調(diao)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)保護耕地和種(zhong)糧(liang)積(ji)極性。
(十(shi)六(liu))健全耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)和糧食生(sheng)產利益(yi)補償機制。加大對糧食主產區(qu)(qu)支持力度，充分(fen)調動地(di)方抓耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)和糧食生(sheng)產的(de)(de)積極性(xing)，形成糧食主產區(qu)(qu)、主銷區(qu)(qu)、產銷平(ping)衡區(qu)(qu)耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)合力。實施耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)經(jing)濟(ji)獎懲機制，對耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)任務缺口省(sheng)份收取經(jing)濟(ji)補償，對多(duo)承(cheng)擔(dan)耕(geng)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)目標(biao)任務的(de)(de)省(sheng)份給予經(jing)濟(ji)獎勵。
(十七(qi))加(jia)強撂(liao)荒(huang)地(di)治(zhi)理(li)利用(yong)。以全(quan)國國土變更調查數(shu)據為基礎，結合(he)實地(di)核(he)查，摸(mo)清撂(liao)荒(huang)地(di)底(di)數(shu)，分類推進治(zhi)理(li)利用(yong)。綜合(he)采(cai)用(yong)土地(di)托管、代種代耕、農田(tian)水利設施(shi)建設等措施(shi)，盡快恢復生產。
六、積極開發各類非(fei)傳統耕(geng)地資源
(十八)充分(fen)利(li)用(yong)非耕地資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)高效設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農業(ye)(ye)。加強科技研發和(he)生(sheng)產投(tou)資(zi)，推進農業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產技術改造和(he)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)，在具備水資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)條件的地區探索科學利(li)用(yong)戈壁、荒漠等發展(zhan)可持續的現代(dai)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農業(ye)(ye)，強化大(da)中城市現代(dai)化都市設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農業(ye)(ye)建設(she)(she)(she)。
七、強化保障措(cuo)施
(十九(jiu))加強黨的領導。堅持正確政治方(fang)向，把(ba)黨的領導落(luo)實到耕地保(bao)護工(gong)作全過程各方(fang)面(mian)。各級黨委和政府要承擔起耕地保(bao)護主體責任(ren)，自(zi)然資源、農業農村、發展改(gai)革、財政、生態環境、水利、林草(cao)等(deng)部門要按職責分工(gong)加強協同配合(he)。各地區各有(you)關部門可按照(zhao)本(ben)意見(jian)精(jing)神，結合(he)實際制定配套文(wen)件并抓好貫徹落(luo)實。
(二十)嚴格督(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。建立健(jian)全耕(geng)(geng)地保(bao)護(hu)“長牙齒”硬措施工作機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，以“零(ling)容忍”態度嚴肅查處各類(lei)違法(fa)(fa)(fa)占用(yong)耕(geng)(geng)地行(xing)為。強(qiang)(qiang)化國家自然資源(yuan)督(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)，督(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)地方落實(shi)耕(geng)(geng)地保(bao)護(hu)主體責(ze)任，不斷提(ti)升督(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)效能。完善(shan)行(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)、督(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)構與紀檢監(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)和審(shen)計(ji)、組織人事(shi)(shi)等(deng)部門貫通協調(diao)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，加強(qiang)(qiang)干部監(jian)督(du)，嚴肅追責(ze)問責(ze);加強(qiang)(qiang)行(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)、督(du)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)構與公安機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)、審(shen)判(pan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)、檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)等(deng)的協作配合(he)，強(qiang)(qiang)化行(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)與行(xing)政(zheng)審(shen)判(pan)、刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)工作的銜接，統一(yi)行(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)與司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)裁判(pan)的法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)適(shi)用(yong)標準，充分發揮公益訴訟(song)、司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)建議等(deng)作用(yong)。耕(geng)(geng)地整(zheng)改恢復要實(shi)事(shi)(shi)求是，尊重規律(lv)(lv)，保(bao)護(hu)農民合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權益，適(shi)當留(liu)出過渡期，循序漸進推(tui)動。
(二十(shi)一)加(jia)強宣傳引導。做好耕(geng)地保(bao)護法律政策宣傳解(jie)讀(du)。暢通社會監督(du)渠道，及時回(hui)應社會關切，引導全社會樹立嚴格(ge)保(bao)護耕(geng)地意識(shi)，營造自覺主動保(bao)護耕(geng)地的良好氛圍。
來源|新華社